2. A natural-color image of northeastern China acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Terra satellite on January 3, 2013 in this handout photo released by NASA on January 15, 2013. REUTERS/NASA/Terra - MODIS
3. An image from the Mast Camera (Mastcam) on NASA's Mars rover Curiosity shows the surface of the planet with inclined layering known as cross-bedding in an outcrop called "Shaler" on a scale of a few tenths of a meter, or decimeters (1 decimeter is nearly 4 inches) in this NASA handout released January 15, 2013. REUTERS/NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/Handout
4. This NASA handout image released January 15, 2013 shows a contextual view of the vicinity of the location called "John Klein," selected as Curiosity's first drilling site. The distance from the camera to John Klein was about 16 feet (5 meters). The enlargements of rocks seen on the right, and denoted by letters and boxes within the left image, represent this diversity. Each box is about 9 inches (22 centimeters) square. Enlargement A shows a "bread-crusted" rock, whose surface is fractured in a polygonal pattern. This generally reflects a differential change in volume of a rock, with the outer part expanded relative to the interior. Enlargement B is representative of the material that will be sampled at the John Klein site, showing both light-toned veins and dark spots that show the relief of concretions. Enlargement C shows an exotic black rock that is similar in shape to more distant, dark rocks found higher in the local stratigraphy. That rock was probably emplaced here as part of material ejected by a crater-excavating impact. AFP PHOTO / NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSSHO/AFP/Getty Images
5. A undated handout image made available by NASA, made with the right Mast Camera (Mastcam) of NASA's Curiosity Mars rover showing a shallow depression called 'Yellowknife Bay' inside Gale Crater on Mars. The rectangle superimposed on the left image shows the location of the enlarged portion on the right. In the right image, white arrows point to veins (including some under the overhang), and black arrows point to concretions (small spherical concentrations of minerals). Both veins and concretions strongly suggest precipitation of minerals from water. Reports state 15 January 2013 NASA is planning to start drilling on Mars within the next two weeks. EPA/NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS /
6. This undated artists rendering provided by NASA and the European Space Agency shows the Orion capsule and the service module in Earth orbit. NASA/ESA on January 16, 2013 discussed plans for Europe to provide the Orion capsuleís service module for an unmanned test flight planned in late 2017. The service module provides in-space propulsion, life support and abort capability for the capsule, which is being designed to carry humans to the moon, an asteroid and eventually Mars. AFP PHOTO/HANDOUT/NASA/ESAHO/AFP/Getty Images
7. Plosky Tolbachik volcano in Russia's far eastern Kamchatka peninsula erupted on November 27, 2012, for the first time in 35 years, sending clouds of ash to the height of more than 9,800 feet (3,000 meters). This image obtained January 17, 2013 from the Advanced Spacebourne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument on NASA's Terra spacecraft, acquired January 13, 2013, the snowy winter landscape reveals the still active lava flows; the thermal infrared channels highlight the hot rocks in red colors. Steam and ash clouds rising to the north hide part of the flows. The image covers an area of 14.3 by 18.6 miles (23 by 30 kilometers) and is located at 55.7 degrees north latitude, 160.2 degrees east longitude. " AFP PHOTO /NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and US/Japan ASTER Science Team
8. This artist's concept obtained January 17, 2013 from NASA envisions what hydrocarbon ice forming on a liquid hydrocarbon sea of Saturn's moon Titan might look like. A new model from scientists on NASA's Cassini mission suggests that clumps of methane-and-ethane-rich ice -- shown here as the lighter-colored clusters -- could float under some conditions." AFP PHOTO /NASA/JPL-Caltech/USGS /"
9. This handout picture released on January 16, 2013 by the European Space Agency (ESA) shows nearly 200 000 light-years from Earth, the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way, floats in space, in a long and slow dance around our galaxy. As the Milky Wayís gravity gently tugs on its neighbourís gas clouds, they collapse to form new stars. In turn, these light up the gas clouds in a kaleidoscope of colours, visible in this image from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. "AFP PHOTO / ESA/HUBBLE "/AFP/Getty Images
10. NASA engineer Dan Dietrich and a team of scientists at Glenn developed the Portable Unit for Metabolic Analysis (PUMA), pictured in this NASA handout photo, to monitor the oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production rates of astronauts exercising during long missions. The portable unit was designed to give the crew the ability to move around the spacecraft without being tethered to a large immovable unit. REUTERS/NASA/Handout
11. This view of layered rocks on the floor of McLaughlin Crater on Mars shows sedimentary rocks that contain spectroscopic evidence for minerals formed through interaction with water in this undated handout photo from NASA. The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter recorded the image. The Martian crater is 57 miles (92 kilometers) in diameter and 1.4 miles (2.2 kilometers) deep. McLaughlin's depth apparently once allowed underground water, which otherwise would have stayed hidden, to flow into the crater's interior. REUTERS/NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona/Handout
12. Steve LaDrew, with Capitol Exhibit Services, adjusts the Mastcam on a replica of the Mars Curiosity Rover at Joint Base Anacostia Bolling (JBAB) in Washington, in this NASA handout photo taken January 19, 2013. The NASA float will participate in Monday's Inaugural Parade honoring President Barack Obama. REUTERS/NASA/Paul E. Alers/Handout
13. This image provided by NASA shows the late-afternoon shadow cast by the Mars rover Opportunity at Endeavour Crater. The six-wheel rover landed on Mars in January 2004 and is still going strong. (AP Photo/NASA)
14. Washington, D.C. and the surrounding area is pictured on January 20, 2013 by astronauts on board the International Space Station one day before the public Inauguration of U.S. President Barack Obama. This detailed view shows the Potomac River and its bridges at left, with National Mall at the center, stretching eastward from the Lincoln Memorial to the Washington Monument toward the Capitol building, where the inaugural ceremony will be held. NASA has been participating in inaugural activities this weekend, culminating in the appearance of the Curiosity rover and Orion spacecraft in the Inaugural Parade on January 21. REUTERS/NASA/Handout
15. Nasa undated handout artist's impression of two neutron stars colliding to produce a gamma ray burst. Earth was blasted by a high-energy burst of radiation from space in the 8th century, scientists believe.Gamma ray bursts are the most powerful explosions known in the universe. Each one corresponds to around a thousand Earthís being vaporised into pure energy in seconds. NASA/Dana Berry/PA Wireholder.
16. This NASA Earth Observatory image obtained January 22, 2013 shows dust plumes as they blew over Banghazi (Benghazi) in mid-January 2013. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASAís Aqua satellite captured this natural-color image on January 15, 2013, as plumes blew toward the north-northwest over the coastal city. Away from the coast, which enjoys a Mediterranean climate, the Libyan landscape consists largely of sand seas. Only about 1 percent of the land is arable, and dust storms rank among the countryís leading natural hazards. = RESTRICTED TO EDITORIAL USE - MANDATORY CREDIT " AFP PHOTO / NASA/"
17. SPECTACULAR pictures of the Sun's 150 kilometers solar eruptions have been captured by NASA scientists. High-resolution images of the star's outer atmosphere provide evidence of magnetic 'braids' believed to heat this region up to four million degrees celsius. They occur when small bundles of magnetic field become wrapped around each other because of the swirling of plasma on the sun's surface. The new study published in Nature shows these dynamic 150 kilometre structures provide the energy to heat the sun's corona. It is now apparent there are at least two heating mechanisms at work including a process known as electromagnetic waves that penetrate the plasma and transfer their energy to the constituent particles. But additional heating needed for corona to become superheated is caused by the unravelling and reformation of the magnetic braids. This theory is supported by the observations made by astrophysicist Dr Jonathan Cirtain, of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Alabama, and colleagues. They used the High-resolution Coronal Imager (Hi-C) launched on a rocket last July that obtained roughly five minutes of data before re-entering Earth's atmosphere.
18. A handout image dated 18 September 2012 and made available by NASA on 24 January 2013 showing the ring-region of Saturnian moons Prometheus and Pan, both caught 'herding' their respective rings. Through their gravitational disturbances of nearby ring particles, one moon maintains a gap in the outer A ring and the other helps keep a ring narrowly confined. Prometheus (53 miles, or 86 kilometers across), together with Pandora (not seen in this image), maintains the narrow F ring seen at the bottom left in this image. Pan (17 miles, or 28 kilometers across) holds open the Encke gap in which it finds itself embedded in the center. The bright dot near the inner edge of the Encke gap is a background star. This view looks toward the unilluminated side of the rings from about 29 degrees below the ringplane. The image was taken in visible violet light with the Cassini spacecraft narrow-angle camera. The view was acquired at a distance of approximately 1.4 million miles (2.3 million kilometers) from Pan and at a Sun-Pan-spacecraft, or phase, angle of 98 degrees. Image scale is 9 miles (14 kilometers) per pixel. EPA/NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute /
19. Undated handout photo issued by NASA of global view of the Earth at night, compiled from more than 400 satellite images. Heat generated by large cities can alter the climate thousands of miles away, research suggests. The 'waste heat' from buildings, factories and road vehicles disrupts atmospheric systems that affect the weather over great distances, it is claimed.NASA/NOAA/PA Wire
20. This annotated October 23, 2012 image provided January 28, 2013, shows lights in the US as seen from space. Oil companies at the heart of the US shale oil boom are burning off enough gas to power all the homes in Chicago and Washington combined in a practice causing growing concern about the waste of resources and damage to the environment. The volume of unwanted gas being flared off in North Dakota, the state leading the shale revolution transforming the outlook for US energy, rose about 50 per cent last year and is seen easily in this image.(Top-left of center) AFP PHOTO / HANDOUT / NASA
21. This image provided January 28, 2013 by NASA taken by the Epedition 34 Crew on board the International Space Station(ISS) shows one of Japanís most active volcanoes. Sakurajima(C) began forming approximately 13,000 years ago, prior to 1914, it was an island in Kagoshima Bay. Sakurajima was joined to the mainland by the deposition of volcanic material following a major eruption in 1914. AFP PHOTO/Getty Images
22. This handout photo released to AFP via the Twitter account of Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield (@cmdr_hadfield) and taken on January 29, 2013 shows floodwaters pouring straight through Bundaberg and into the ocean in the Australian state of Queensland. Deadly floodwaters were continuing to sweep down Australia's east coast on January 29, with Queensland's state capital Brisbane bracing for its river to peak as other towns waited anxiously as waters rose. As the current weather system moved south, towns in adjoining NSW are also on alert. AFP PHOTO / Chris Hadfield / NASA
23. In this new view of the Andromeda galaxy obtained from NASA on January 29, 2013, from the Herschel space observatory, lanes of forming stars are revealed in the finest detail yet. Herschel is a European Space Agency mission with important NASA participation. Andromeda, also known as M31, is the nearest major galaxy to our own Milky Way at a distance of 2.5 million light-years, making it an ideal natural laboratory to study star formation and galaxy evolution. Sensitive to the far-infrared light from cool dust mixed in with the gas, Herschel seeks out clouds of gas where stars are born. The new image reveals some of the very coldest dust in the galaxy -- only a few tens of degrees above absolute zero -- colored red in this image. By comparison, warmer regions such as the densely populated central bulge, home to older stars, take on a blue appearance. Intricate structure is present throughout the 200,000-light-year-wide galaxy with star-formation zones organized in spiral arms and at least five concentric rings, interspersed with dark gaps where star formation is absent. Andromeda is host to several hundred billion stars. This new image of it shows that many more stars will soon to spark into existence." AFP PHOTO / NASA/ESA/Herschel/PACS SPIRE Consortium, O. Krause, HSC, H. Linz /Getty Images
24. The ring-like swirls of dust filling the Andromeda galaxy stand out colorfully in this new image obtained from NASA on January 29, 2013 from the Herschel Space Observatory, a European Space Agency mission with important NASA participation. The glow seen here comes from the longer-wavelength, or far, end of the infrared spectrum, giving astronomers the chance to identify the very coldest dust in our galactic neighbor. These light wavelengths span from 250 to 500 microns, which are a quarter to half of a millimeter in size. Herschel's ability to detect the light allows astronomers to see clouds of dust at temperatures of only a few tens of degrees above absolute zero. These clouds are dark and opaque at shorter wavelengths. The Herschel view also highlights spokes of dust between the concentric rings.The colors in this image have been enhanced to make them easier to see, but they do reflect real variations in the data. The very coldest clouds are brightest in the longest wavelengths, and colored red here, while the warmer ones take on a bluish tinge. These data, together with those from other observatories, reveal that other dust properties, beyond just temperature, are affecting the infrared color of the image. Clumping of dust grains, or growth of icy mantles on the grains towards the outskirts of the galaxy, appear to contribute to these subtle color variations.These observations were made by Herschel's spectral and photometric imaging receiver (SPIRE) instrument. The data were processed as part of a project to improve methods for assembling mosaics from SPIRE observations. Light with a wavelength of 250 microns is rendered as blue, 350-micron is green, and 500-micron light is red. Color saturation has been enhanced to bring out the small differences at these wavelengths. " AFP PHOTO / ESA/NASA/JPL-Caltech/NHSC //Getty Images
25. This image obtained from NASA on January 29, 2013 shows what the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter snapped in this series of false-color pictures of sand dunes in the north polar region of Mars. The area covered in each of the five panels is about 0.8 mile (1.3 kilometers) wide. The progression begins at left (Panel A) in early spring, when the ground is covered by a seasonal layer of carbon dioxide ice (dry ice) about 2 feet thick. As spring progresses the ice cracks (Panel B), releasing dark sand from the dune below. When pressurized gas trapped below the ice layer is released, it carries along sand and dust to the top of the ice layer, where it is dropped in fan-shaped deposits downhill and downwind (panels C and D). The final panel shows more and more of the dark dunes as the overlying layer of seasonal ice evaporates back into the atmosphere. The location in this series of images is at 80 degrees north latitude, 122.5 degrees east longitude. " AFP PHOTO / NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona /Getty Images
26. This January 28, 2013 NASA/JPL-Caltech handout photo shows a view, as the drill on NASA's Mars rover Curiosity is positioned on a target on a patch of flat, veined rock called "John Klein." The site is within the "Yellowknife Bay" area of Gale Crater.The percussion drill in the turret of tools at the end of the robotic arm of Curiosity has been positioned in contact with the rock surface in this image from the rover's front Hazard-Avoidance Camera (Hazcam). The drill was positioned for pre-load testing, and the Hazcam recorded this image during the 170th Martian day, or sol, of Curiosity's work on Mars (Jan. 27, 2013). Other tests with the drill are planned before the first drilling into a rock on Mars to collect a sample of rock material for analysis. AFP PHOTO/HANDOUT/NASA/JPL-Caltech /Getty Images
27. This January 27, 2013 NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSS handout photo shows a general view, captured by Mastcam:Left onboard NASA's Mars rover Curiosity. Curiosity is positioned on a target on a patch of flat, veined rock called "John Klein." The site is within the "Yellowknife Bay" area of Gale Crater to begin drilling tests. Tests with the drill are planned before the first drilling into a rock on Mars to collect a sample of rock material for analysis. AFP PHOTO/Getty Images
Source . Metro
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